What type of taxes are charged to property owners who benefit from improvements?

Special Assessment Taxes are specifically levied on property owners who gain direct benefits from improvements made to their properties or the surrounding area, such as the construction of roads, sidewalks, or parks. These taxes are generally used to finance those specific improvements. The rationale behind special assessment taxes is that the property owners who benefit from the enhancements should help fund them, reflecting a fair distribution of costs associated with those improvements.

In contrast, ad valorem taxes are property taxes based on the assessed value of real estate and apply to all property owners without regard to specific improvements that may benefit individual properties. Income taxes and sales taxes are not applicable in this context, as they pertain to earnings and purchases, respectively, rather than property improvements.