What is the process called that separates the use of property?

Zoning is the process that regulates land use by designating specific areas for different types of activities, such as residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural uses. This is implemented by local governments to ensure that land development and usage conform to community plans, promote orderly growth, and protect the character of neighborhoods. Zoning laws determine what types of buildings and activities are permissible in certain areas, helping to maintain the desired environment and support public welfare.

Easements, while related to property rights, pertain specifically to granting access to or rights over another's property for a particular purpose, such as utility access or pathways. Subdivision refers to the process of dividing a tract of land into smaller parcels, which may arise after zoning laws dictate how the land can be used but does not itself manage the use of the property. Land use is a broader term that encompasses all aspects of property utilization but does not specifically refer to the regulatory process designed to separate uses, which is where zoning comes into play.